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| Several factors may be held responsible for the decline in the child sex ratio, including severe neglect of girl babies in infancy, leading to higher death rates; sex-specific abortions that prevent girl babies from being born; and female infanticide (or the killing of girl babies due to religious or cultural beliefs). Each of these reasons point to a serious social problem, and there is some evidence that all of these have been at work in India. Practices of female infanticide have been known to exist in many regions, while increasing importance is being attached to modern medical techniques by which the sex of the baby can be determined in the very early stages of pregnancy. The availability of the sonogram (an x-ray like diagnostic device based on ultra-sound technology), originally developed to identify genetic or other disorders in the foetus, are used to identify and selectively abort female foetuses. The regional pattern of low child sex ratios seems to support this argument. It is striking that the lowest child sex ratios are found in the most prosperous regions of India. |
Which of the following is not a reason for son preference?
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Using an example, explain an ecological movement.
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Assertion(A): Earlier architects and engineers had to be skilled draughtsmen, now the computer does a lot of the work for them.
Reason(R): The use of machinery deskills workers.
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“In all regions of the world persons with disabilities face attitudinal barriers, including prejudice, low expectations, and even fear. Negative attitudes about disability impact all aspects of the lives of persons with disabilities, including the ability to access education, participate in non-exploitative work, live where and with whom one chooses, marry and start a family, and move about freely within the community.”
Suggest any two ways by which an attitudinal change can be brought about to remedy the conditions of people with disabilities.
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“In places like Bengaluru, Hyderabad, and Gurugram, where many IT firms or call centres are located, shops and restaurants have also changed their opening hours, and are open late.” Give reasons.
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“The more mechanised an industry gets, the fewer people are employed.” Explain with a suitable example.
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Mahatma Gandhi saw mechanisation as a danger to employees. Explain.
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| “…The contractors’ men who were travelling to Reni from Joshimath stopped the bus shortly before Reni. Skirting the village, they made for the forest. A small girl who spied on the workers with their implements rushed to Gaura Devi, the head of the village Mahila Mandal (Women’s Club). Gaura Devi quickly mobilised the other housewives and went to the forest. Pleading with the labourers not to start felling operations, the women initially met with abuse and threats. When the women refused to budge, the men were eventually forced to retire.” |
How are environmental movements also about economics and identity issues? Elaborate.
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Explain the 'Scientific Management' system. What shift from Scientific Management took place in the 1980s?
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Are ecological movements new or old social movements? Explain the above using the Chipko Movement as an example.
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What is the basic task of a manager?
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"The main criteria for inclusion in civil society are that the organisation should not be state controlled, and it should not be a purely commercial profit-making entity.", Discuss the given statement at length.
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Discuss the phenomenon of 'Time slavery' in the IT sector.
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| “In Maruti Udyog Ltd. two cars roll off the assembly line every minute. Workers get only 45 minutes rest in the entire day - two tea breaks of 7.5 minutes each and one lunch break of half an hour. Most of them are exhausted by the age of 40 and take voluntary retirement.” |
Based upon above passage, answer the following question.
What, according to you, is the impact of the factory‟s working condition on the workers and on the factory?
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Work in the IT sector is also subjected to Taylorist labour processes. Substantiate this statement with a suitable example.
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There are direct linkages between the situation of agricultural workers and their lack of upward socio-economic mobility. Name some of them.
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Choose any occupation you see around you – and describe it along the following lines: a) social composition of the work force – caste, gender, age, region; b) labour process – how the work takes place, c) wages and other benefits, d) working conditions – safety, rest times, working hours etc.
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In the account of brickmaking, bidi rolling, software engineers or mines that are described in the boxes, describe the social composition of the workers. What are the working conditions and facilities available? How do girls like Madhu feel about their work?
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Visit a construction site in your neighbourhood, a brickyard, or other such place where you are likely to find migrant workers. Find out where the workers come from. How are they recruited from their home villages, who is the ‘mukadam’? If they are from rural areas, find out about their lives in their villages and why they have to migrate to find work.
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Distinguish between peasent and New Farmenr’s movements.
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