Commerce (English Medium) इयत्ता १२ - CBSE Question Bank Solutions

Diligent Developers, a website design company in Bangalore, is a startup initiative of Mr. Maniraj, which aims at achieving a profit margin of 10% in its first year. Mr Maniraj appointed Mr Advait as the Digital Marketing Head, Mr Kiyansh as the head of the Backend department and Mr Nirved headed the Graphics Designing Department. Since each head was specialised in specific skills, it resulted in increased efficiency and better coordination.
However, problems arose when Mr Advait started considering group objectives superior to organisational objectives and stopped exchanging information with Mr Kiyansh and Mr Nirved. The company had to bear the brunt of a lack of coordination and was unable to achieve its objectives.

The world beyond the palace

Just as the Buddha’s teachings were compiled by his followers, the teachings of Mahavira were also recorded by his disciples. These were often in the form of stories, which could appeal to ordinary people. Here is one example, from a Prakrit text known as the Uttaradhyayana Sutta, describing how a queen named Kamalavati tried to persuade her husband to renounce the world: If the whole world and all its treasures were yours, you would not be satisfied, nor would all this be able to save you. When you die, O king and leave all things behind, dhamma alone, and nothing else, will save you. As a bird dislikes the cage, so do I dislike (the world). I shall live as a nun without offspring, without desire, without the love of gain, and without hatred …Those who have enjoyed pleasures and renounced them, move about like the wind, and go wherever they please, unchecked like birds in their flight … Leave your large kingdom … abandon what pleases the senses, be without attachment and property, then practise severe penance, being firm of energy….

Diligent Developers, a website design company in Bangalore, is a startup initiative of Mr. Maniraj, which aims at achieving a profit margin of 10% in its first year. Mr. Maniraj appointed Mr. Advait as the Digital marketing Head, Mr. Kiyansh as the head of Backend department and Mr. Nirved headed the Graphics Designing Department. Since each head was specialised in specific skills, it resulted in increased efficiency and better coordination.

However, problems arose when Mr. Advait started considering group objectives superior to organisational objectives and stopped exchanging information with Mr. Kiyansh and Mr. Nirved. The company had to bear the brunt of a lack of coordination and was unable to achieve its objectives.

Darbar-i Akbari

Abu'l Fazl gives a vivid account of Akbar's darbar:

Whenever His Majesty (Akbar) holds court (darbar) a large drum is beaten, the sounds of which are accompanied by Divine praise. In this manner, people of all classes receive notice. His Majesty's sons and grandchildren, the grandees of the Court, and all other men who have admittance attend to make the kornish and remain standing in their proper places. Learned men of renown and skillful mechanics pay their respects, and the officers of justice present their reports. His Majesty, with his usual insights, gives orders and settles everything in a satisfactory manner. During the whole time, skilful gladiators and wrestlers from all countries hold themselves in readiness, and singers, male and female, are in waiting. Clever jugglers and funny tumblers are also anxious to exhibit their dexterity and agility.

The world beyond the palace

Just as the Buddha’s teachings were compiled by his followers, the teachings of Mahavira were also recorded by his disciples. These were often in the form of stories, which could appeal to ordinary people. Here is one example, from a Prakrit text known as the Uttaradhyayana Sutta, describing how a queen named Kamalavati tried to persuade her husband to renounce the world:

If the whole world and all its treasures were yours, you would not be satisfied, nor would all this be able to save you. When you die, O king and leave all things behind, dhamma alone, and nothing else, will save you. As a bird dislikes the cage, so do I dislike (the world). I shall live as a nun without offspring, without desire, without the love of gain, and without hatred…Those who have enjoyed pleasures and renounced them, move about like the wind, and go wherever they please, unchecked like birds in their flight … Leave your large kingdom … abandon what pleases the senses, be without attachment and property, then practice severe penance, being firm of energy …