Please select a subject first
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Several reports show that caste groups previously associated with scavenging are forced to continue in this job. Those in positions of authority refuse to give them any other job. Their children are discouraged from pursuing education. Which of their Fundamental Rights are being violated in this instance?
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Which of the Fundamental Rights is in your opinion the most important right? Summarise its provisions and give arguments to show why it is most important.
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What is the difference between the system of reservation of constituencies and the system of separate electorate? Why did the Constitution makers reject the latter?
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A parliamentary executive means:
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The parliamentary system of executive vests many powers in the legislature for controlling the executive. Why, do you think, is it so necessary to control the executive?
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Write True / False against the following statement.
The President cannot send back an amendment bill for reconsideration of the Parliament.
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You have read in this chapter that the 42nd amendment was one of the most controversial amendments so far. Which of the following were the reasons for this controversy?
a. It was made during a national emergency, and the declaration of that emergency was itself controversial.
b. It was made without the support of a special majority.
c. It was made without ratification by State legislatures.
d. It contained provisions, which were controversial.
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What is meant by social constraints? Are constraints of any kind necessary for enjoying freedom?
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There is a view that absolute economic equality is neither possible nor desirable. It is argued that the most a society can do is to try and reduce the gaps between the richest and poorest members of society. Do you agree?
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A government report on farmers’ problems says that small and marginal farmers cannot get good prices from the market. It recommends that the government should intervene to ensure a better price but only for small and marginal farmers. Is this recommendation consistent with the principle of equality?
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Which of the following violate the principles of equality and why?
(a) Every child in the class will read the text of the play by turn.
(b) The Government of Canada encouraged white Europeans to migrate to Canada from the end of the Second World War until 1960.
(c) There is a separate railway reservation counter for the senior citizens.
(d) Access to some forest areas is reserved for certain tribal communities.
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Here are some arguments in favour of the right to vote for women.
Which of these are consistent with the idea of equality? Give reasons.
(a) Women are our mothers. We shall not disrespect our mothers by denying them the right to vote.
(b) Decisions of the government affect women as well as men, therefore they also should have a say in choosing the rulers.
(c) Not granting women the right to vote will cause disharmony in the family.
(d) Women constitute half of humanity. You cannot subjugate them for long by denying them the right to vote.
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What do you understand by the right to national self-determination?
How has this idea resulted in both formation of and challenges to nation-states?
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Match the following concepts with appropriate instances:
| (a) Affirmative action | (i) Every adult citizen has a right to vote |
| (b) Equality of opportunity | (ii) Banks offer a higher rate of interest to senior citizen |
| (c) Equal Rights | (iii) Every child should get free education |
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What are generally considered to be the basic minimum requirements of people for living a healthy and productive life? What is the responsibility of governments in trying to ensure this minimum to all?
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Which of the following arguments could be used to justify state action to provide basic minimum conditions of life to all citizens?
(a) Providing free services to the poor and needy can be justified as an act of charity.
(b) Providing all citizens with a basic minimum standard of living is one way of ensuring equality of opportunity.
(c) Some people are naturally lazy and we should be kind to them.
(d) Ensuring basic facilities and a minimum standard of living to all is a recognition of our shared humanity and a human right.
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On what grounds are some rights considered to be universal in nature?
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Identify three rights which you consider universal. Give reasons.
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Discuss briefly some of the new rights claims which are being put forward in our country today—for example, the rights of tribal people to protect their habitat and way of life, or the rights of children against bonded labour.
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Differentiate between political, economic, and cultural rights. Give examples of each kind of right.
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