Definitions [2]
Define impact parameter.
The impact parameter is defined as the perpendicular distance between the centre of the gold nucleus and the direction of the velocity vector of the alpha particle when it is at a large distance.
Define orbital?
Orbital is a three-dimensional space in which the probability of finding the electron is maximum.
Key Points
Key Points: Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle
It is impossible to determine simultaneously and precisely both the position and momentum of a subatomic particle:
\[\Delta x\cdot\Delta p_x\geq\frac{h}{4\pi}\]
or equivalently:
\[\Delta x\cdot m\cdot\Delta v_x\geq\frac{h}{4\pi}\]
This principle is significant only for microscopic objects (like electrons) and is negligible for macroscopic objects.
