Definitions [2]
Define catalytic hydrogenation.
catalytic hydrogenation is a process by which hydrogen gas is passed through vegetable oils in the presence of catalyst like Ni, Pt or Pd to convert them into solid vanaspati ghee.
Definition: Hydrogen
Hydrogen is the first and lightest element in the periodic table. It is the most abundant element in the universe, constituting about 70% of the total mass of the universe and 91% of total atoms.
Key Points
Key Points: Hydrogen
- Electronic configuration: 1s¹ — it exists as a diatomic molecule H₂ called dihydrogen.
- Hydrogen does not belong to any group definitively; it resembles both alkali metals (loses 1 electron) and halogens (gains 1 electron).
- Alkali metals have oxidation number +1, and alkaline earth metals have oxidation number +2 in all their compounds.
Isotopes of Hydrogen:
| Isotope | Symbol | Atomic Number (Z) | Atomic Mass (A) | Natural Abundance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protium |
\[_1^1HorH\] |
1 | 1 | 99.98% (naturally occurring) |
| Deuterium | \[_1^2HorD\] | 1 | 2 | 0.02% (naturally occurring) |
| Tritium | \[_1^3HorT\] | 1 | 3 | Trace (radioisotope) |
Uses of Hydrogen:
- Hydrogenation of oils to convert them into solid fats (Vanaspati ghee)
- Liquid dihydrogen is used as a rocket fuel
- Production of ammonia (Haber process)
- In production of methanol (from CO)
