Definitions [3]
Definition: Organic Chemistry
The branch of chemistry that deals with compounds originally derived from living organisms, such as sugar, starch, proteins, and acetic acid.
or
Organic compounds are the hydrides of carbon (hydrocarbons) and their derivatives. The branch of chemistry dealing with these compounds is called organic chemistry.
Definition: Inorganic Chemistry
The branch of chemistry that deals with compounds obtained from non-living sources or minerals, such as common salt, blue vitriol, and nitrates.
Definition: Nomenclature
Nomenclature is the system of assignment of names to organic compounds.
Key Points
Key Points: Classification of Organic Compounds
(i) Based on Functional Group:
(ii) Based on Carbon Skeleton:
Key points: Nomenclature of Carbon Compounds
- The IUPAC system provides a unique, systematic way to name carbon compounds based on structure, replacing confusing common names.
- An IUPAC name has three parts: prefix, parent, and suffix, reflecting the carbon chain and functional group.
- The parent name is based on the longest carbon chain, and its ending changes to –ane, –ene, or –yne depending on the number of bonds.
- Functional groups are shown as prefixes or suffixes, and the chain is numbered to give them the lowest possible number.
- If the suffix begins with a vowel, the final ‘e’ in the parent alkane name is dropped (e.g., propane → propanone).
