Question

With reference to the foreign policy of Mussolini, answer the following question:

Why was Abyssinia War considered as a turning point in Mussolini’s relationship with Hitler?

Answer 1

The Abyssinia War (1935–1936) was considered a turning point in Mussolini’s relationship with Hitler for several important reasons:

1. International isolation of Italy: Mussolini’s ruthless invasion of Abyssinia (Ethiopia) was denounced worldwide, and the League of Nations financially punished Italy. However, the prohibitions failed and did not encompass oil.
2. Shift away from Britain and France: Italian relations with Britain and France, partners during the Stresa Front, deteriorated when they condemned the attack. Mussolini felt misled when Britain signed a military arrangement with Germany without consulting Italy.
3. Closer ties with Hitler: As he felt alone and pressured, Mussolini became closer to Nazi Germany, which supported Italy’s actions against Abyssinia. Hitler praised the invasion in his dispatches. The foreign support made Mussolini more likely to support Hitler.
4. Formation of the Rome-Berlin axis: The Rome-Berlin Axis was signed in 1936, formalising Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany’s collaboration due to their superior relationship.
5. Therefore, a major turning point was the Abyssinia War. During this conflict, Mussolini transitioned from resisting a German invasion in 1934 to forming an agreement with Hitler, which led to the creation of the Axis Powers and World War II.