Question

Why the Earth does not receive 100% of the Insolation?

Answer 1

1. Reflection by the Atmosphere and Clouds: About 35% of the incoming solar radiation is reflected back into space by clouds, dust, and atmospheric particles before it reaches the Earth’s surface.
2. Absorption by the Atmosphere: Approximately 14% of the solar radiation is absorbed by gases and ozone in the atmosphere, so it does not reach the surface directly.
3. Scattering and Dissipation: Solar radiation is scattered and dissipated in the atmosphere, which reduces the amount of solar energy that reaches the surface.

Because of these processes, reflection, absorption, and scattering, only around 51% of the total solar energy actually reaches and is absorbed by the Earth’s surface. This balance between incoming and outgoing radiation is crucial for maintaining the Earth’s heat budget and a livable climate.