Question

Why do the transition. elements exhibit complex formation? Explain with suitable examples.

Answer 1

1. Transition elements exhibit complex formation due to their small atomic size and high nuclear charge.
2. They have vacant d-orbitals of suitable energy that can accommodate lone pairs of electrons donated by ligands.
3. This ability allows them to form coordinate bonds with ligands, resulting in complex compounds.
4. Examples of complexes are [Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻, [Cu(NH₃)₄]²⁺, and [Ni(CN)₄]²⁻. Thus, the availability of vacant d-orbitals and strong attraction for electron pairs leads to complex formation by transition metals.