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प्रश्न
Which of the following is the oldest law code in India?
पर्याय
Hammurabi’s code
Prasarsmriti
Manusmriti
Naradasmriti
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उत्तर
Manusmriti
Explanation:
The Code of Hammurabi is a well-preserved Babylonian code of law of ancient Mesopotamia, dated back to about 1754 BC (Middle Chronology). The Parashar Smriti begins as a conversation between Vyas and other sages regarding the laws relevant to the changing times. Manu-Smriti ("The Dharma Text of Manu"), traditionally the most authoritative of the books of the Hindu code (Dharma-Shastra) in India, which is officially known as Manava-Dharma-Shastra. It is attributed to the legendary first man and lawgiver, Manu. The received text dates from circa 100 CE. NARADASMRITI this text is purely juridical in character in that it focuses solely on procedural and substantive law Known as the "juridical text par excellence. NARADASMRITI according to this recension's claim, represent the ninth chapter, regarding the legal procedure, of Manu's original text. Option 'Manusmriti' is correct.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Direction : The passage given below is followed by a set of question. Choose the most appropriate answer to each question.
On May 14, the Ministry of Home Affairs issued a Request for Proposal (RFP) to select a private agency for creating a National Database of Sexual Offenders for India. The said RFP states that the purpose of establishing the database of sex offenders is to help in the early detection and prevention of crime against women, arrests of persons accused of criminal offences and to keep a watch on habitual offenders. Media reports suggest that the public will have access to the details regarding convicted sex offenders and law enforcement officials will have access to data about persons on trial for sexual offences. This registry seems to be one more knee-jerk and populist reaction to the problem of sexual violence against women and children in India.
The ministry seems to have launched this initiative without analysing the evidence on the limited efficacy of such registries in other jurisdictions in reducing rates of repeat offending and without examining its appropriateness in the Indian context. Various states in the US have had such publicly accessible registries for around 28 years and multiple studies have shown that they have limited public safety benefits and significant social costs. Sex offender registries are predicated on the assumption that convicted sex offenders have a high likelihood of committing offences after serving their sentences. This assumption is not borne out by data. In India, the percentage of recidivism among arrested persons according to data collected by the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) for 2016 is only 6.4%.
The registry is being proposed in response to widely-reported horrific incidents of rape. The logic seems to be that if the police have a list of offenders living in the area, investigation becomes simpler and people, especially parents, can be more vigilant if they are aware of offenders living around them. However in India, as per the NCRB data for 2016, in 94.6% of reported cases of rape against women and children, the perpetrator is known to the victim. Such a registry offers little protection from such offenders. In fact, the fear of the offender being included in the registry may exacerbate the problem of underreporting by making people apprehensive about reporting sexual violence involving family members and acquaintances.
Once the general public has unfettered access to data about sex offenders online, it can open a Pandora's Box. The fears of offenders being ostracised and vilified become very real. Among a host of foreseeable problems, they will find it particularly tough to find employment or housing. India has already witnessed cases of lynchings of people suspected to be child kidnappers. It is not paranoid to expect the public reaction to convicted offenders to be much worse. Once offenders are pushed into the margins, their access to treatment, supervision and support systems becomes diminished, which may be quite counterproductive. If the state imposes restrictions on where such offenders can live, the housing crisis they will face will be exacerbated. They may become homeless or be compelled to live in areas far from home where they may face less scrutiny. The stigma and ostracisation that such offenders will face will invariably extend to their families. Studies in the US have shown that a combination of social ostracisation, lack of psychiatric support and the inability to find a job or housing, can even increase chances of recidivism; thus, defeating the very purpose of the registry. In such circumstances, registration in such a database can turn into a 'scarlet letter' like badge of shame that can punish offenders much beyond their sentences and make their rehabilitation and reintegration into society next to impossible.
As per the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) data from 2015-2016, we know that 85% of cases of sexual violence against women, which excludes cases of marital rape and assault, go unreported. Such a registry does not begin to address this problem.
Before implementing this registry, the Ministry of Home Affairs must create a research base on recidivism among sex offenders and the risk factors and hold a much broader public debate on the need for the registry. This is not to say that sexual offences are not an urgent problem. In the Indian context, the focus needs to be shifted to tackling barriers to reporting, training law enforcement officials and providing support to survivors rather than this ill-conceived registry.
Which of the following is mentioned in the statement of RFP?
The member of a State Public Service Commission can be removed on the ground of misbehaviour only after an enquiry has been conducted by the
Mark the best option:
When a person is prosecuted for committing a criminal offense, the burden of proof is on __________?
A puts his hand in pocket B for stealing money but the pocket was empty. A is guilty of –
Indian penal code 1860 was drafted by
Mark the best option:
Principles:
- The Indian Parliament can make laws for the whole of India or for any specific part of India. A law made by the Parliament which is in force is not invalid merely because it is valid beyond the territory of India.
- The Indian Penal Code is applicable on criminal acts of Indian citizens done in any territory within or beyond India.
- Any criminal offence committed by a non-citizen outside the territory of India is also triable in India if the offender is found in India.
Facts: Rajesh married Anjali in India in the year 2008 in a valid Hindu marriage ceremony and later registered his marriage in the Court as well. The following year Rajesh made frequent trips to Abu Dhabi in relation to his business and finally settled down there in January 2010 while Anjali continued to reside with her in-laws in Jaipur. Rajesh subsequently entered into a marriage with Nadira in 2011. Anjali brought about criminal proceedings against Rajesh in India for bigamy.
Anjali can bring about criminal proceedings against Rajesh in India because:
General explanation defined in sec _____ of IPC
Animal denotes
Principle: When two or more persons agree to do an illegal act, it is criminal conspiracy punishable with imprisonment.
Facts: Mr. Bharath is a student of B.E. in Computer Science. He loves his computer very much. He considers his computer as his close friend and companion. On 1.4.2006, while interacting with his computer, he hacked into the Bank account of Mr. Javed and was successful in withdrawing money from Mr. Javed's bank account. He did it to please his girlfriend.
Principle: Conspiracy is a combination between two or more persons formed for the purpose of doing either an unlawful act or a lawful act by unlawful means.
Facts: X and Y conspire to poison Z. X in pursuance of the conspiracy procures the poison and delivers it to Y in order that he may administer it to Z. Y in pursuance of the conspiracy administers the poison in the presence of X and thereby causes Z's death.
The gist of the offence of criminal conspiracy is
