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प्रश्न
What is saponification? Write the chemical equation of the reaction involved in this process. Name all the substances which take part in this process and also those which are formed.
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उत्तर
Saponification is a process of preparing soap by the hydrolysis of fats or oils with alkalis.
When animal fat or vegetable oil (ester) is heated with concentrated sodium hydroxide solution, soap and glycerol (alcohol) are formed.
Equation: Fat or oil (Ester) + Sodium Hydroxide → Soap + Glycerol (an alcohol)
The chemical equation is as follows:
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संबंधित प्रश्न
List two problems that arise due to the use of detergents instead of soaps.
While preparing soap a small quantity of common salt is generally added to the reaction mixture of vegetable oil and sodium hydroxide. Which one of the following may be the purpose of adding common salt?
(A) To reduce the basic nature of the soap
(B) To make the soap neutral
(C) To enhance the cleansing power of the soap
(D) To favour the precipitation of the soap
Would you be able to check if water is hard by using a detergent?
What change will you observe if you test soap with litmus paper (red and blue)?
State one use of saponification process.
______ is better than soap for washing clothes when the water is hard.
Give reasons for the following observation:
Use of synthetic detergents causes pollution of water.
Why is common salt (sodium chloride) added during the preparation of soap?
Give any two differences between soaps and detergents.
In a soap micelle, the soap molecules are arranged radially with:
(a) ionic ends directed towards the centre and hydrocarbon ends directed outwards
(b) hydrocarbon ends directed towards the centre and ionic ends directed outwards
(c) both ionic ends and hydrocarbon ends directed toward the centre
(d) both hydrocarbon ends and ionic ends directed outwards
The chemical which is not required for the preparation of soap in the laboratory is:
(a) vegetable oil
(b) baking soda
(c) caustic soda
(d) common salt
Which one of the following sets of materials can be used to prepare soap?
(A) Neem oil and calcium hydroxide
(B) Castor oil and sodium hydroxide
(C) Mineral oil and sodium hydroxide
(D) Neem oil and magnesium hydroxide
Give the reason of formation of scum when soaps are used with hard water.
What is the difference between the chemical composition of soaps and detergents? State in brief the action of soaps in removing an oily spot from a shirt. Why are sops not considered suitable for washing where water is hard?
What are the differences between Soap and synthetic detergent?
The saponification of a fat or oil is done using _____ solution for hot process.
How does soap clean clothes?
What are the similarities between Soap and synthetic detergent.
