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प्रश्न
What is a nuclear reactor? Explain its essential parts with their functions.
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उत्तर
Nuclear reactor: A Nuclear reactor is a device in which the nuclear fission reaction takes place in a self–sustained and controlled manner to produce electricity.
Components of a Nuclear Reactor:
The essential components of a nuclear reactor are
- Fuel: A fissile material is used as fuel. The commonly used fuel material is uranium.
- Moderator: A moderator is used to slow down the high-energy neutrons to provide slow neutrons. Graphite and heavy water are commonly used moderators.
- Control rod: Control rods are used to control the number of neutrons in order to have a sustained chain reaction. Mostly boron or cadmium rods are used as control rods. They absorb the neutrons.
- Coolant: A coolant is used to remove the heat produced in the reactor core, to produce steam. This steam is used to run a turbine in order to produce electricity. Water, air, and helium are some of the coolants.
- Protection wall: A thick concrete lead wall is built around the nuclear reactor in order to prevent harmful radiations from escaping into the environment.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Define the following form:
Moderator in nuclear reactor
Kamini reactor is located at ______.
If a moderator is not present, then a nuclear reactor will behave as an atom bomb.
Match: II
| a. | Fuel | lead |
| b. | Moderator | heavy water |
| c. | Control rods | cadmium rods |
| d. | Shield | uranium |
Arrange the following in the chronological order of discovery
Nuclear reactor, radioactivity, artificial radioactivity, discovery of radium.
When and where was the first nuclear reactor built?
Give the function of control rods in a nuclear reactor.
In Japan, some of the new born children are having congenital diseases. Why?
Explain the process of controlled and uncontrolled chain reactions.
Mass number of a radioactive element is 232 and its atomic number is 90. When this element undergoes certain nuclear reactions, it transforms into an isotope of lead with a mass number 208 and an atomic number 82. Determine the number of alpha and beta decay that can occur.
