Question

1. What does the following figure relate to?
   
2. Briefly describe each of these steps.

Answer 1

1. The given figure relates to the production of edible vaccines.
2. The steps of production of edible vaccine are as follows:
   i. The desired gene is isolated from the human pathogen. e.g. Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli, etc.
   ii. This gene is then transferred to the plant cells through a transgenic plant virus that infects the pieces of plant leaves.
   iii. By tissue culture techniques, the entire plant is developed from these leaf pieces which contain the desired gene.
   iv. The potatoes produced by these plants when consumed raw will help the individual develop immunity against the pathogen.