Question

What are the two adverse effects of small and fragmented farm holdings on the agricultural productivity?

What are the adverse effects of small and fragmented holdings on agricultural productivity?

Briefly explain any two adverse effects of small and fragmented holdings on agricultural productivity.

Answer 1

Following are the adverse effects of small and fragmented farm holdings on agricultural productivity:

1. Reduced Mechanisation: Small, irregular plots make it difficult to use tractors, harvesters, and other machinery efficiently. Mechanised farming becomes economically unviable due to small plot sizes and scattered locations.
2. Increased Wastage and Costs: Land is wasted on boundaries and access paths between fragments. Duplication of resources (e.g., fencing, irrigation systems) increases the cost of cultivation per unit area.
3. Low Yield and Productivity: Fragmented holdings hinder optimal crop planning and modern farming practices. Farmers often grow subsistence crops rather than high-yield or commercial crops.
4. Poor Irrigation and Input Use: Irregular plot shapes and sizes complicate efficient irrigation, leading to either water scarcity or wastage. Uniform application of fertilisers and pesticides becomes difficult, reducing their effectiveness.
5. Lack of Investment: Small size and low profitability discourage long-term investments in land improvement, machinery, and infrastructure. Credit access is limited, as fragmented holdings offer poor collateral value.
6. Management and Supervision Challenges: Farmers spend more time and effort managing distant and scattered plots. Labour productivity declines due to increased time and effort in commuting and coordination.