Question

What are the major parts of the brain? Mention the functions of different parts.

Answer 1

The brain is covered by a three-layered system of membranes; called meninges. Cerebrospinal fluid is filled between the meninges. The CSF provides a cushion to the brain against mechanical shocks. The brain is located inside the skull for maximum protection. The human brain can be divided into three regions, viz. forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. Some main structures of the human brain are explained below -

Cerebrum: The cerebrum is the largest part in the human brain. It is divided into two hemispheres; called cerebral hemispheres. 

Functions of the cerebrum: The cerebrum controls voluntary motor actions. It is the site of sensory perceptions, like tactile and auditory perceptions. It is the seat of learning and memory.

Hypothalamus: The hypothalamus lies at the base of the cerebrum. It controls the sleep and wake cycle (circadian rhythm) of the body. It also controls the urges for eating and drinking. 

Cerebellum: Cerebellum lies below the cerebrum and at the back of the whole structure. It coordinates the motor functions. When you are riding your bicycle; the perfect coordination between your pedaling and steering control is achieved by the cerebellum. 

Medulla: The medulla forms the brain stem; along with the pons. It lies at the base of the brain and continues into the spinal cord. The medulla controls various involuntary functions; like heartbeat, respiration, etc.