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महाराष्ट्र राज्य शिक्षण मंडळएचएससी वाणिज्य (इंग्रजी माध्यम) इयत्ता १२ वी

The rate of growth of population is proportional to the number present. If the population doubled in the last 25 years and present population is 1 lac., when will the city have population 4,00,000? - Mathematics and Statistics

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प्रश्न

The rate of growth of population is proportional to the number present. If the population doubled in the last 25 years and present population is 1 lac., when will the city have population 4,00,000?

Solution: Let p be the population at time t. 

Then the rate of increase of p is `"dp"/"dt"` which is proportional to p.

∴ `"dp"/"dt" ∝ "p"`

∴ `"dp"/"dt"` = kp, where k is a constant

∴ `"dp"/"p"` = kdt

On integrating, we get

`int "dp"/"p" = "k"int "dt"`

∴ log p = kt + c

Initially, i.e., when t = 0, let p = 100000

∴ log 100000 = k × 0 + c

∴ c = `square`

∴ log p = kt + log 100000

∴ log p – log 100000 = kt

∴ `log ("P"/100000)` = kt  ......(i)

Since the number doubled in 25 years, i.e., when t = 25, p = 200000

∴ `log (200000/100000)` = 25k

∴ k = `square`

∴ equation (i) becomes, `log("p"/100000) = square`

When p = 400000, then find t.

∴ `log(400000/100000) = "t"/25 log 2`

∴ `log 4 = "t"/25 log 2`

∴ t = `25 (log 4)/(log 2)`

∴ t = `square` years

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उत्तर

Let p be the population at time t.

Then the rate of increase of p is `"dp"/"dt"` which is proportional to p.

∴ `"dp"/"dt" ∝ "p"`

∴ `"dp"/"dt"` = kp, where k is a constant

∴ `"dp"/"p"` = kdt

On integrating, we get

`int "dp"/"p" = "k"int "dt"`

∴ log p = kt + c

Initially, i.e., when t = 0, let p = 100000

∴ log 100000 = k × 0 + c

∴ c = log 100000

∴ log p = kt + log 100000

∴ log p – log 100000 = kt

∴ `log ("P"/100000)` = kt  ......(i)

Since the number doubled in 25 years, i.e., when t = 25, p = 200000

∴ `log (200000/100000)` = 25k

∴ k = `1/25 log 2`

∴ equation (i) becomes, `log("p"/100000)` = `"t"/25 log 2`

When p = 400000, then find t.

∴ `log(400000/100000) = "t"/25 log 2`

∴ `log 4 = "t"/25 log 2`

∴ t = `25 (log 4)/(log 2)`

∴ t = `25 (2 log 2)/(log 2)`

∴ t = 50 years

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पाठ 1.8: Differential Equation and Applications - Q.6
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