Question

Rice is grown as a commercial crop in Haryana and Punjab, but as a subsistence crop in Odisha. Using your understanding of geographical factors and economic practices, explain why rice cultivation differs in these regions.

Answer 1

1. Climate and Irrigation:
   • Haryana and Punjab have a well-developed irrigation system (e.g., canal irrigation from the Sutlej-Yamuna Link Canal), which allows for large-scale commercial cultivation of rice. The climate is suitable for high-yielding varieties, and irrigation ensures water availability.
   • In contrast, Odisha has a more monsoonal climate, and while rice is grown, the farming is often rainfed and primarily for local consumption. The lack of large-scale irrigation systems limits its commercialisation.
2. Economic Factors (Market Access):
   • In Punjab and Haryana, rice is grown for commercial purposes to meet national and international demand. The proximity to markets, government procurement systems, and well-developed transport networks enables these states to export surplus rice.
   • In Odisha, rice is mostly grown for personal or local use, with less access to large markets for profit-driven farming, making it a subsistence crop.
3. Farming Practices:
   • In Punjab and Haryana, the use of modern farming techniques, machinery, and high-yielding varieties supports commercial rice cultivation.
   • In Odisha, rice farming is more traditional and focused on family sustenance rather than large-scale production, which reflects the subsistence nature of cultivation.