Question

Read the sources given and answer any four from the questions given below:

On the Galapagos Islands, Darwin observed several species of finches with unique beak shapes. These finches closely resembled another finch species, a large ground finch, on the mainland of South America. Evolution in Darwin's finches is a powerful evidence for natural selection. Artificial selection is a process by which man chooses the trait it wants to perpetuate. It involves selective breeding of organisms with desired qualities over many generations and is much faster than natural selection. Artificial selection can be practised by two main types of breeding: inbreeding and outbreeding. Inbreeding involves meeting of two closely related individuals and is carried out to perpetuate a particular trait. For example, pedigree dogs are often inbred to enhance specific qualities. Outbreeding involves the mating of two unrelated individuals and results in the progeny called hybrid which is tougher than the parents. Artificial selection over many generations improves the quality of the stock. Artificial selection may also give rise to new breeds or varieties which differ from the original population.

1. Pedigreed dogs are result of the following technique.
   1. inbreeding
   2. outbreeding
   3. natural selection
   4. both (a) and (c)
2. In Darwin's finch, where was the ancestral finch found
   1. Galapagos Islands
   2. South America
   3. North America
   4. Pacific Islands
3. A hybrid is formed as a result of mating of
   1. unrelated individuals
   2. inbreeding
   3. individuals with same traits
   4. both (a) and (c)
4. What is not true of artificial selection?
   1. may give rise to new breeds
   2. desired quality can be obtained in one generation
   3. over many generations improves the quality of stock
   4. much faster than natural selection
5. Darwin's finches is an example of
   1. convergent evolution
   2. artificial selection
   3. natural selection
   4. survival of the fittest

Answer 1

1. inbreeding
2. South America
3. unrelated individuals
4. desired quality can be obtained in one generation
5. natural selection