Question

Mention chief pollutants and their harmful effects.

Answer 1

1. Benzopyrene: Benzopyrene is a carcinogenic hydrocarbon primarily released from motor vehicle emissions and incomplete combustion, and it is known to cause death due to cancer.
2. Carbon Monoxide (CO): Carbon monoxide is produced by the incomplete combustion of fuels; it binds with blood hemoglobin to reduce oxygen transport, leading to asphyxiation, heart and brain damage, and fatigue.
3. Oxides of Nitrogen (NO_x): These gases are emitted from automobiles and industries, causing irritation to the eyes, reducing the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, and damaging pulmonary functions.
4. Oxides of Sulphur (SO_x): Sulphur dioxide irritates the respiratory tract, leading to chronic bronchitis and asthma; additionally, it converts to sulphuric acid in moist air, causing acid rain.
5. Particulate Matter: This category includes smoke, dust, and metal particles like lead and mercury, which cause decreased lung function, respiratory diseases, and occupational illnesses like byssinosis.
6. Photochemical Oxidants (e.g., Ozone): These are formed by reactions between NO_x and hydrocarbons in sunlight, resulting in respiratory distress, coughing, and even heart failure.
7. Tobacco Smoke: Tobacco smoke contains various harmful toxins that are major causes of different types of cancer and chronic respiratory illnesses.