Question

Make a comparative study of the features of legislatures in India and the U.S.A.

Answer 1

Sr. No.	Feature	India	U.S.A.
1.	Nature	India’s Parliament is a non-sovereign federal legislature. It can only legislate on matters specified in the Constitution.	The United States Congress is also non-sovereign, restricted by the written Constitution, and exclusively acts on federal issues.
2.	Structure	Bicameral - Lok Sabha (Lower House) and Rajya Sabha (Upper House), plus the President as an integral part.	Bicameral - House of Representatives (Lower House) and Senate (Upper House); President is not part of the legislature.
3.	Representation	Lok Sabha represents the people (based on population); Rajya Sabha represents the states/UTs (indirect election).	House represents the people (based on population); Senate represents states equally (2 senators per state).
4.	Election Method	Lok Sabha: Direct election by citizens; Rajya Sabha: Indirect election by state legislatures.	House: Direct election by citizens of districts; Senate: Direct election by citizens of each state (since 1913).
5.	Financial Powers	Lok Sabha has exclusive power over Money Bills; Rajya Sabha can only recommend changes.	Lok Sabha has exclusive power over Money Bills; Rajya Sabha can only recommend changes.
6.	Impeachment Powers	Both Houses participate in impeachment of President, judges, etc.	House impeaches; Senate conducts impeachment trials.
7.	Amendment of Constitution	Most amendments require approval by both Houses; some also need ratification by half the state legislatures.	Most amendments require approval by both Houses; some also need ratification by half the state legislatures.