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प्रश्न
List the reactions that take place in a blast furnace in the metallurgy of iron.
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उत्तर
Combustion Zone: It generates heat and carbon monoxide for reduction.
Coke burns in the presence of oxygen to form carbon dioxide.
\[\ce{C + O2 -> CO2}\]
Carbon dioxide reacts with more coke to form carbon monoxide, the main reducing agent.
Reduction zone: Stepwise reduction of iron oxides by carbon monoxide:
\[\ce{3Fe2O3 + CO -> 2Fe3O4 + CO2}\]
\[\ce{Fe3O4 + CO -> 3FeO + CO2}\]
\[\ce{FeO + CO -> Fe + CO2}\]
These reactions gradually reduce Fe₂O₃ to metallic iron (sponge iron).
Slag formation zone: Limestone decomposes to form quicklime.
\[\ce{CaCO3 + CaO + CO2}\]
Quicklime reacts with silica (gangue) to form slag (calcium silicate).
\[\ce{CaO + SiO2 -> CaSiO3}\]
Fusion zone: Molten iron absorbs impurities such as C, Si, Mn, and P.
Other reactions:
\[\ce{SiO2 + 2C -> Si + 2CO}\]
\[\ce{P4O10 + 10C -> 4P + 10CO}\]
\[\ce{MnO2 + 2C -> Mn + 2CO}\]
