Question

If even the idea of what constitutes development can be varied and conflicting, then certainly there can be differences about ways of developing. If you know of any such controversy, try to find out arguments advanced by different people. You may do so by talking to different persons or you may find it from newspapers and television.

Answer 1

1. Controversy regarding ways of development: The construction of big dams, such as the Sardar Sarovar Dam on the Narmada River, is a prime illustration of opposing development models.
2. Arguments in favour (Government and Industrialists):
   1. It provides water for irrigation in drought-prone regions like as Gujarat and Rajasthan.
   2. It generates hydroelectricity to support industrial development and urban demands.
   3. It aids in flood control and supplies drinking water to millions.
3. Arguments against (Tribals and Environmentalists):
   1. Large-scale displacement of local tribal communities from their native land results in loss of livelihood.
   2. Massive deforestation and biodiversity loss as forests are submerged.
   3. Social inequality, since the advantages go to urban areas, while the rural poor bear the price.

This shows how what is beneficial to one group (industrialists in need of power) may be destructive to another. As a result, development goals and techniques for achieving them frequently conflict.