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प्रश्न
How microorganisms are useful in the field of medicine?
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उत्तर
Role of microbes in medicine:
We obtain antibiotics and vaccines from microbes.
- Antibiotics: It is a substance produced by living organisms which is toxic to other organisms. The antibiotic penicillin got from the fungus Penicillium chrysogenum is used to treat diseases like tetanus, diphtheria. Streptomycin got from streptomyces bacteria is used to cure bacterial infections like the plague.
- Vaccines: They are prepared from dead or weakened microbes. When a vaccine is injected into the body of a patient, it produces antibodies to fight the germs. These antibodies protect the body from infections in the future. Example: MMR vaccine for measles.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Answer the following.
How can the oil spills of rivers and oceans be cleaned?
There is a oil layer on the water surface of river in your area. What will you do ?
Complete the paragraph using proper words:
(Mechanical, Rhizobium, Aquatic, Toxic, CO2, Nitrogen, Pseudomonas, Amoeba, Bacteria, Hydrocarbons)
Spilling of petroleum oil occurs in ocean due to various reasons. This oil may prove fatal and toxic to _______ organisms. It is not easy to remove the oil layer from surface of water by _______ method. However, bacteria like _______ spp. and Alcanivorax borkumensis have the ability to destroy the pyridines and other chemicals. Hence, these _______ are used to clear the oil spills, These are called as hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria (HCB). HCB decompose the _______ and bring about the reaction of carbon with oxygen. _______ and water is formed in this process.
Find an odd one out.
Write a short note.
Microbial inoculants
Write a short note.
Bioinsecticides
Observe the figure and write the answers to the questions asked.
- Name the above figure.
- What is it used for?
- Which gas is formed in it?
- How is this gas formed?
- What is done with sewage?
Read the following paragraph and write the answers to the questions asked.
Sulphuric acid is present in the acid rain and materials coming out of mines. You know that erosion of metals present in statues, bridges and buildings occurs due to it. Sulphuric acid is a source of energy for some species of bacteria like Acidiphilium spp. and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Hence, these bacteria can control the soil pollution occurring due to acid rain. Water soluble salts of uranium are present in the wastes produced during electroplating and in effluent released in the environment from the atomic energy plant. Geobacter convert these salts of uranium into insoluble salts and thereby prevent those salts from mixing with groundwater sources.
- What causes metal erosion in statues, bridges and buildings?
- Sulphuric acid is the source of energy for which bacteria?
- What kind of pollution do these bacteria control?
- What are the water soluble salts in atomic energy plants and in the process of electroplating?
- Which bacteria prevent these salts from mixing with ground water by converting them Into insoluble salts?
Diptheria affects the ______.
Describe the role of microbes in agriculture and industries.
