Question

How are various parts of sperm modified to perform specific functions?

Answer 1

The sperm is specialised for reaching and fertilising the ovum.

1. Head: Contains a compact haploid nucleus carrying paternal genetic material. Its acrosome contains enzymes that help the sperm penetrate the egg coverings.
2. Neck: Contains centrioles; the proximal centriole helps organise the first cleavage division of the zygote, while the distal centriole gives rise to the tail’s axial filament.
3. Middle piece: Contains spirally arranged mitochondria that provide energy for sperm movement.
4. Tail (flagellum): Its microtubule-based structure produces movement, propelling the sperm through the female reproductive tract.