Question

Give short notes on types of ovules.

Answer 1

The ovules are classified into six main types based on the orientation, form, and position of the micropyle with respect to funicle and chalaza. The most important ovule types are orthotropous, anatropous, hemianatropous, and campylotropous. The types of ovule are given in

1. Orthotropous: In this type of ovule, the micropyle is at the distal end and the micropyle, the funicle, and the chalaza lie in one straight vertical line. Examples: Piperaceae, Polygonaceae
2. Anatropous: The body of the ovule becomes completely inverted so that the micropyle and funiculus come to lie very close to each other. This is the common type of ovules found in dicots and monocots.
3. Hemianatropous: In this, the body of the ovule is placed transversely and at right angles to the funicle. Example: Primulaceae.
4. Campylotropous: The body of the ovule at the micropylar end is curved and more or less bean-shaped. The embryo sac is slightly curved. All the three, hilum, micropyle, and chalaza are adjacent to one another, with the micropyle oriented towards the placenta. Example: Leguminosae In addition to the above main types there are two more types of ovules they are,
5. Amphitropous: The distance between hilum and chalaza is less. The curvature of the ovule leads to horse-shoe-shaped nucellus. Example: some Alismataceae.
6. Circinotropous: The funiculus is very long and surrounds the ovule. Example: Cactaceae