Question

Give a brief history of the geological formations of India starting from the Archean system to the Quaternary formations.

Answer 1

1. Archean System:
   • Oldest rocks (more than 2500 million years).
   • Composed of igneous and metamorphic rocks like granite and gneiss.
   • Found in Peninsular India.
2. Purana System:
   • Late Pre-Cambrian rocks.
   • Includes Dharwar, Cuddapah, Vindhyan systems.
   • Rich in minerals like iron, manganese, and coal.
3. Dravidian System:
   • Paleozoic rocks (from Cambrian to Carboniferous).
   • Found in Himalayas and parts of peninsula.
4. Aryan System:
   • From Upper Carboniferous to present (Mesozoic and Cenozoic).
   • Includes Gondwana system (coal deposits), Deccan Traps (volcanic rocks), and Tertiary rocks (sedimentary deposits).
5. Quaternary Formations:
   • The youngest formations (last 2.5 million years).
   • Include alluvial deposits in the Indo-Gangetic Plains, deserts, deltas, and coastal areas.