Question

Explain the three somato types in detail.

Answer 1

Psychologist William Herbert Sheldon described three somato types: endomorph, mesomorph and ectomorph. These are broad descriptions of body build; individuals may show features of more than one type.

1. Endomorph: Typically has a heavier, rounded or pear-shaped build, with wider hips and shoulders and more body fat, particularly around the upper arms and thighs. Such individuals may gain weight readily and may find speed and agility activities more challenging. Strength sports and activities in which bulk is useful may suit them; some may also be suited to rowing because of their lung capacity.
2. Mesomorph: Typically has a strong, muscular build, broad shoulders, narrow hips and relatively little body fat. Mesomorphs tend to gain muscle and strength readily and may perform well in sports requiring strength, speed and agility. They often respond well to both cardiovascular and resistance training.
3. Ectomorph: Typically has a long, slender build, narrow shoulders and hips, thin limbs, and relatively little muscle and body fat. Such individuals may be suited to endurance sports and gymnastics, while sports requiring substantial body mass or power may be more challenging. Their low body fat and limited musculature can be a concern if health and training are not managed appropriately.