Question

Explain the statement 'placenta acts as an endocrine gland'.

Answer 1

The placenta acts as an endocrine gland because it synthesises and releases hormones into the maternal circulation during pregnancy. These hormones help maintain pregnancy and support maternal and foetal changes.

1. hCG maintains the corpus luteum, helping sustain progesterone and oestrogen secretion, and is the hormone detected in pregnancy tests.
2. Progesterone and oestrogens help maintain the uterine lining and pregnancy and support changes in the mother.
3. Human placental lactogen (hPL) contributes to maternal metabolic adaptations and mammary development.
4. Relaxin, especially near the end of pregnancy, helps soften pelvic connective tissue and prepare the cervix for delivery.

Thus, placental hormones maintain the conditions needed for pregnancy and prepare the mother for childbirth.