Question

Explain the problems that result in metropolitan cities of India on account of this migration.

Answer 1

Migration from rural to urban areas is a major cause of concern for metropolitan cities in India. Although migrants contribute to the economy, unregulated and large-scale migration leads to several serious problems:

1. Overpopulation and Congestion: Migration increases the urban population beyond the city’s carrying capacity. Cities like Mumbai and Delhi become overcrowded, resulting in congested roads, packed public transport, and pressure on housing and services.

2. Growth of Slums and Informal Settlements: Due to high living costs and lack of affordable housing, migrants are often forced to live in slums and unauthorised colonies. These areas lack proper sanitation, water supply, and electricity.

3. Unemployment and Underemployment: The number of jobs available in cities is often less than the number of people migrating. As a result, many end up in low-paying, informal, or part-time jobs, or remain unemployed.

4. Pressure on Infrastructure and Services: Increased population due to migration burdens water supply, sanitation, electricity, waste management, healthcare, and education services, leading to a decline in quality and access.

5. Environmental Degradation: Overuse of land and resources, increase in vehicles, and unplanned construction due to migration contribute to pollution, loss of green spaces, and deterioration of the urban environment.

6. Social Tensions and Crime: Competition for limited resources and employment opportunities can lead to social tensions, a rise in petty crimes, and increased pressure on law enforcement.