Question

Explain the key features of science.

Write short notes on the following topic in 50 to 60 words:

Any three key features of science.

Answer 1

The word science is derived from the Latin word ‘Scientia’ which means ‘knowledge’. Science is the pursuit and application of knowledge and understanding of the natural and social world, following a systematic methodology based on evidence.

The key features of science are:

1. Empirical evidence: Science is an evidence-based approach to study and interpret information. Empirical evidence refers to acquiring information through direct observation or experiments. Scientific knowledge is based on verifiable evidence so that other investigators can observe or measure the same phenomena and verify its accuracy in future.
2. Objectivity: Science objectively studies the phenomenon under consideration. Objectivity means the ability to see and accept the facts as they are and not as the investigator might wish them to be. Objectivity means that all sources of biases, prejudices, beliefs, wishes, values, preferences, etc. are set aside while investigating a particular phenomenon.
3. Scientific causality: Science aims at finding out the cause-effect relationship between variables under consideration. In a scientific study, a researcher tries to control all extraneous variables in order to find out the effect of the independent variable (cause) on the dependent variable (effect).
4. Systematic exploration: Science adopts a certain sequential procedure for studying a particular phenomenon. Sequential procedure includes few scientific steps like identifying the problem, formulation of hypothesis, collection of facts, analysis of facts, scientific generalization and prediction.
5. Replication: Replication means reproducibility of scientific knowledge under the same circumstances stated anywhere and anytime. Replication assures the reliability of results and it enables in establishing a scientific theory.
6. Predictability: Predictability is an important feature of science. Scientists do not merely describe the phenomena being studied, but also attempt to explain it and make predictions accordingly.