Question

Explain four major air pollutants and their consequences.

Answer 1

1. Carbon dioxide (CO₂): It is released mainly by burning fuels in vehicles, factories and power stations. Excess carbon dioxide strengthens the greenhouse effect, causing global warming and climate change. It also contributes to ocean acidification, and warming can melt glaciers and raise sea levels.
2. Sulphur dioxide (SO₂): It is produced mainly by burning coal and other fuels. It irritates the eyes and damages the respiratory tract. In the atmosphere, it can form sulphuric acid and contribute to acid rain, which harms plants and aquatic life and damages buildings.
3. Carbon monoxide (CO): It is produced by the incomplete combustion of fuels such as petrol, diesel, coal and wood. It is a poisonous gas that reduces the blood’s ability to carry oxygen and can cause headaches, dizziness, confusion and respiratory problems.
4. Oxides of nitrogen (NO_x): These gases are produced by vehicles and other combustion processes. They can irritate the eyes and respiratory system, contribute to smog and acid rain, and affect the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood.