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प्रश्न
Enlist the evidences of evolution.
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उत्तर
Following are the evidences of evolution:
- Morphological evidences
- Anatomical evidences
- Vestigial organs
- Palaeontological evidences
- Connecting links
- Embryological evidences
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संबंधित प्रश्न
What are vestigial organs?
Give two examples of vestigial organs in human beings and plants.
(a) Select the analogous structures from the combination given below:
(i) Forelimbs of whales and bats
(ii) Eyes of octopus and mammals
(iii) Tuber of sweet potato and potato
(iv) Tuber of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita
(b) State the kind of evolution they represent
Write the similarity between the wing of a butterfly and the wing of a bat. What do you infer from the above with reference to evolution?
Select two pairs from the following which exhibit divergent evolution. Give reasons for your answer.
(i) Forelimbs of cheetah and mammals
(ii) Flippers of dolphins and penguins
(iii) Wings of butterflies and birds
(iv) Forelimbs of whales and mammals
State a reason for the increased population of dark coloured moths coinciding with the loss of lichens (on tree barks) during industrialization period in England.
Four students A, B, C and D reported the following set of organs to be homologous. Who is correct ?
(A) Wings of a bat and a butterfly
(B) Wings of a pigeon and a bat
(C) Wings of a pigeon and a butterfly
(D) Forelimbs of cow, a duck and a lizard
Four students P, Q, R and S differently reported the following set of organs to be analogous :
P. Forelimb of a frog and forelimb of a lizard
Q. Forelimb of a bird and forelimb of a human
R. Wings of a parrot and wings of a butterfly
S. Wings of a bird and wings of a bat
The two students who have reported correctly are :
(A) P and Q
(B) Q and R
(C) R and S
(D) P and S
Can the wing of a butterfly and the wing of a bat be considered homologous organs? Why or why not?
Explain the terms analogous and homologous organs with examples.
Name the scientists who Discovered the fossil of Australopithecus
Out of bacteria, spider, fish and chimpanzee, which organism has a better body design in evolutionary terms? Give reason for your answer.
The organs which perform different functions but have the same basic structure are known as :
(a) homologous organs
(b) analogous organs
(c) homolytic organs
(d) analytic organs
The organs which perform similar functions but have different basic structure are called :
(a) asymmetric organs
(b) analogous organs
(c) homologous organs
(d) homophonic organs
The presence of which of the following types of organs in two animals indicates that they are not derived from a common ancestor?
(a) homologous organs
(b) excretory organs
(c) analogous organs
(d) reproductive organs
X, Y, and Z are three animals. The animal X can fly but animal Y can only run on ground or walls. The forelimbs of animals X and Y have the same basic design but they are used for different purposes such as flying and running respectively. The animal Z became extinct an long time ago. The study of fossils of Z tells us that it had some features like those of X and some like those of Y. In fact, Z is said to form a connecting link in the evolutionary chain of X and Y.
(a) What could the animals X, Y and Z be?
(b) What name is given to the forelimbs like those of X and Y which have the same basic design but different functions?
(c) Name one feature in which Z resembled X.
(d) Name one feature in which Z resembled Y.
(e) Which is the correct evolutionary chain involving X, Y and Z : X → Z → Y or Y → Z → X?
Identify the following pairs as homologous and analogous organs:
(i) Sweet potato and potato
(ii) Eye of octopus and eye of mammals
(iii) Thorns of Bougainvillaea and tendrils of Cucurbits
(iv) Fore limbs of bat and whale
In a class, students were asked to observe the models/slides/pictures of the skeletons of forelimbs and wings of different organisms. After the observations the students made the following groups of homologous structures. Select the correct group :
(A) Wings of a bird and a butterfly
(B) Wings of a pigeon and a bat
(C) Wings of a butterfly and a bat
(D) Forelimbs of a cow, a duck and a lizard
What do we call the degenerated or partially developed useless organs in living organisms? Enlist such organs in human body? How the same organs are useful in other animals?
Write the names of those animals in whom some vestigial organs in human body are functioning.
“Appearance of melanised moths post-industrialisation in England is a classic example of evolution by natural selection.” Explain.
The most common types of fossils are ------------------------.
Draw a labelled diagram of T.S. of a leaf showing Kranz anatomy.
What are homologous structures?
Short answer question.
Give the significance of fossils.
Explain the importance of Anatomical evidences with examples.
I am a connecting link between reptiles and mammals. Who am I?
Name the parts shown in the diagram.
Human jaw
Give scientific reason.
Peripatus is said to be the connecting link between Annelida and Arthropoda.
Define the evidence of evolution shown in the figure.
Observe the following images and answer the questions.
- Which evolutionary evidences are indicated in the given picture?
- How are they formed?
- Which method is used to measure their age or their time?
A human hand, a front leg of a cat, a front flipper of a whale and a bat’s wing look dissimilar and adapted for different functions. What is the name given to these organs?
The fossil remains of Archaeopteryx is a connecting link between ______
Define vestigial organs.
Why do all the gametes formed in human females have an X chromosome?
Homologous organs are:
Organs having similar functions but different origin and development are known as:
Find the odd one out:
Industrial melanism in England after 1850 is an excellent example of Natural selection. Explain how?
