Question

Discuss with relevant examples, how the following factors have changed Indian society today.

1. English medium of instruction
2. Lowering the age for voting
3. Social Legislation
4. Transport and communication

Answer 1

Because of a variety of factors, the Indian society has evolved significantly.

The following factors have influenced Indian culture:

1. English medium of instruction: The British set up a system of education that had a far-reaching impact on Indian society. The medium of instruction in high school has now become English. It became the common language of communication among the learned people. Schools and colleges were open to all individuals, irrespective of caste, creed, gender, etc. The content of education was not religion-oriented. It was secular which included subjects like Mathematics, Science, Philosophy, Sociology, History, etc. New values like rationality, equality, social justice, secular approach, and individualism gained firmer ground.
2. Lowering the age for voting: All citizens are equal in the eyes of law. Modern India has embraced the principles and practice of free and fair elections. Voting rights are given to all citizens of India at the attainment of age 18. Young people are well-versed in society, and when given the right to vote, they can evaluate and select the best candidate.
3. Social legislation: It refers to laws passed to promote social justice, social welfare, desirable social change as well as protection of vulnerable and weaker sections of Indian society. The increase in the number of reformative groups could enable Indians to exert pressure upon the British government for passing laws against prevalent social evils. These laws cannot transform society, but they provided hope to those who were victims of injustice, oppression, exploitation, and abuse.
4. Transport and communication: Systems of railways and roadways, Post and Telegraph offices were set up throughout the length and breadth of the country. These were ways in which it became possible to reach people in all parts of the country and access resources. Earlier, Indian raw materials could not easily be transported to England. The development of transportation and communication led to an increase in market outlets for Indian raw materials.