Question

Discuss the various stages of development.

Answer 1

1. Prenatal Stage (Conception to Birth):
   • Development begins at conception and lasts around 280 days (9 months).
   • The fetus develops all major body organs and systems.
   • This is the most rapid growth period and is highly sensitive to the mother’s health.
2. Neonatal Stage (Birth to 2 Weeks): 
   • Also called the period of adjustment or plateau.
   • The newborn adjusts to the environment outside the womb, breathing, feeding, and temperature control.
   • There is little to no growth; in fact, slight weight loss is common during this time.
3. Infancy/Babyhood (2 Weeks to 2 Years):
   • Known as the age of helplessness and rapid development.
   • The child depends entirely on others for basic needs.
   • Gains control over body functions, begins walking, talking, and develops early social behavior.
4. Childhood (2 to 13 Years):
   • Divided into early (2–6 years) and late childhood (6–13 years).
   • Children become more independent and develop motor, language, and social skills.
   • Social behavior, friendships, and moral understanding emerge during this period.
5. Adolescence (12 to 18):
   • Divided into pre-adolescence, early adolescence, and late adolescence.
   • Marked by puberty, emotional intensity, and identity formation.
   • Individuals strive for independence and begin to plan for adult life.