Question

Discuss the features of Parliamentary Executive as it operates in India.

Answer 1

India follows a Parliamentary form of government both at the Centre and in the States. This system is based on the Westminster model of the UK and emphasises a close relationship between the Legislature and the Executive.

1. Nominal and Real Executive: The President is the nominal (constitutional) head of the State, while the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers exercise real executive powers.
2. Collective Responsibility: The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha. If the Lok Sabha passes a vote of no confidence, the entire Cabinet must resign.
3. Leadership of the Prime Minister: The Prime Minister is the real head of the government. He leads the Cabinet, coordinates policies, and makes major decisions.
4. Majority Rule: The executive is formed by the party or coalition that enjoys a majority in the Lok Sabha. Losing this majority results in the government’s resignation.
5. Membership of the Legislature: Ministers must be members of Parliament. If someone is not a member at the time of appointment, they must get elected within six months.
6. Fusion of Powers: There is a close relationship between the Legislature and the Executive. Members of the executive (ministers) are also part of the legislature.
7. Accountability to Parliament: The executive is answerable to Parliament, especially the Lok Sabha. Ministers must explain policies, answer questions, and face debates.
8. Dissolution of Lok Sabha: The Lok Sabha can be dissolved by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister, leading to fresh general elections.