Question

Discuss the features of Judiciary in the USA.

Discuss the nature of US Judicial system.

Answer 1

Features/Nature of the judiciary in the USA include:

1. Two-Tier Judicial System: The USA has a dual judiciary system, the Federal Judicial system and the State Judicial system. The federal courts interpret and apply federal laws, while each state has its judiciary to handle state laws.
2. Federal Courts: Article III of the U.S. Constitution provides for one Supreme Court and allows Congress to establish inferior courts. These include the Supreme Court, Courts of Appeals, District Courts, and various special courts like Tax Courts and Military Appeals.
3. Independence of Judiciary: The judiciary is an independent branch of the government. Judges are appointed by the President with Senate approval, enjoy long tenures, and receive high salaries and pensions. This setup ensures that they are insulated from political pressure.
4. High Status: The judiciary holds a high position in U.S. governance. It interprets the Constitution, resolves federal-state disputes, protects fundamental rights, and exercises judicial review.
5. Judicial Review: A hallmark feature of the U.S. judiciary, this allows courts to assess the constitutionality of legislative and executive actions and nullify them if found unconstitutional.
6. Supreme Court’s Apex Role: The U.S. Supreme Court is the highest appellate court. It plays a vital role in constitutional interpretation and safeguarding federalism.