Question

Discuss the factors affecting the climate of Brazil.

Write about the factors affecting the climate of Brazil.

Answer 1

1. Considering the temperatures in Brazil, the northern part of Brazil is hot, while the temperatures in the southern part are comparatively lower. Seasonal variations are found in this pattern.
2. The factors affecting Brazil are temperature, rainfall, winds, atmospheric pressure, etc. Altitude, latitude, relief characteristics, vegetation, and continentality also affect the climate of Brazil.
3. Near the equator on the Brazilian coast, the temperature does not vary much. The average temperature in the Amazon valley is 25°C - 28°C. The climate is cooler in the Highlands. Because of the proximity to the sea, the coasts experience a mild and humid climate.

Answer 2

1. Latitudinal Extent: Brazil experiences a wide variety of climatic conditions because of its large latitudinal extent. The northern part of Brazil remains hot, whereas the southern part has comparatively lower temperatures.
2. Equator: The Equator passes through the northern region of Brazil. Therefore, the sun’s rays fall vertically in this area throughout the year, making the climate hot. This region also receives convectional rainfall. In the Amazon Valley, the average temperature ranges between 25°C and 28°C, and the rainfall is about 2000 mm. Hence, this region experiences a hot and humid climate throughout the year.
3. The Escarpment: Brazil receives rainfall from both the South-East Trade Winds and the North-East Trade Winds. The escarpment acts as a barrier to the moisture-laden winds coming from the sea, causing orographic rainfall in the coastal areas. Beyond the highlands, the effect of these winds decreases, so the north-eastern part of the Highlands receives very little rainfall and becomes a rain shadow region. This area is known as the Drought Quadrilateral.
4. Weak Convergence Zone: In the equatorial region, winds mainly move vertically. Also, the convergence zone of the trade winds near the coastal areas is very weak. As a result, cyclones do not develop in this region.
5. Highlands and Sea Coast: The Highlands have a cooler climate, while the coastal regions experience a mild and humid climate because they are close to the sea.

Thus, the large latitudinal extent and the physical features of Brazil greatly influence the climate of the country.