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प्रश्न
Discuss Single Transferable Vote System of Proportional Representation.
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उत्तर
The Single Transferable Vote (STV) system is a form of Proportional Representation in which voters rank candidates in order of their preference, rather than voting for just one candidate. It is used in multi-member constituencies, where more than one candidate is elected to represent a geographical area. The goal of STV is to ensure that seats are distributed in proportion to the number of votes each candidate or party receives.
Under this system, a specific quota is determined to elect a candidate. The most commonly used formula to calculate the quota is the Droop Quota, which is:
Quota = `("Total valid votes"/"Number of states + 1") +1`
A candidate who receives votes equal to or more than this quota is declared elected.
If a candidate gets more votes than the quota, the surplus votes are transferred to the remaining candidates according to the second preferences marked by voters. If no one reaches the quota, the candidate with the lowest number of votes is eliminated, and their votes are transferred to the next preferred candidates. This process continues until all the seats are filled.
