Question

Discuss in brief the mechanism of Indian weather with special reference to jet streams.

Answer 1

The mechanism of Indian weather is influenced by various factors, including temperature, pressure systems, and winds. Jet streams play a significant role in shaping the seasonal weather patterns in India. Jet streams are fast-moving winds high up in the atmosphere, generally found at altitudes of 10 to 15 kilometers, flowing from west to east.

1. Winter Weather (Western Disturbances): During the winter months, the westerly jet stream flows across northern India. This jet stream brings western disturbances, which are low-pressure systems originating from the Mediterranean region. These disturbances cause light to moderate rainfall and snowfall in the northern parts of India, especially in the western Himalayas. They also lead to a drop in temperature over northern India.
2. Summer Weather (Monsoon Winds): In the summer, the easterly jet stream dominates the southern part of the country, flowing over the Indian Ocean. This jet stream helps direct the southwest monsoon winds, which bring heavy rainfall to most parts of India, especially the west coast and the northeastern regions. The monsoon is crucial for India’s agriculture and water supply.