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प्रश्न
Differentiate between:
Modernisation and Urbanisation
फरक स्पष्ट करा
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उत्तर
| Sr. No. | Basis | Modernisation | Urbanisation |
| 1. | Definition | Social change by introduction/application of modern scientific knowledge and adoption of characteristics of more developed societies. | Movement of people from villages to cities and shift from agricultural occupations to trade, services and professions. |
| 2. | Nature | Ideational and institutional change (scientific temperament, rational outlook, technological adoption). | Demographic and spatial process (migration to urban centres, growth and expansion of cities). |
| 3. | Main drivers | Spread of education, science, technology, exposure to new ideas and development policies. | Industrial growth and employment opportunities (industrialisation attracts rural migrants). |
| 4. | Key effects on society | Changes in values, beliefs and norms (more secular, rational, individualist outlook). | Spatial segregation, impersonal/heterogeneous social relations and issues like long commutes; “lonely in a crowd”. |
| 5. | Scope | Broad cultural, economic and institutional transformation across society. | Concentrated change in settlement pattern, land use and urban infrastructure (physical growth of cities). |
| 6. | Examples | Adoption of modern technologies, scientific methods, digitalisation and rational planning. | Migration to cities for IT/manufacturing jobs (e.g., movement to Bangalore, Mumbai), growth of suburbs and commuting patterns. |
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