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प्रश्न
Describe the tissue culture technique in plants.
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उत्तर
- Explant culture: A proper explant is excised from the plant, which may be a cell, tissue or a piece of the plant organ. Generally, parenchyma tissue or meristem is used as explants. It is sterilised properly and placed on a solid nutrient medium. The cells from the explant absorb nutrients and start multiplying.
- Callus formation and its culture: The callus is the unorganised mass of cells produced due to the growth of the explant. Generally, it has thin-walled living parenchyma cells. It develops due to the proliferation of cells from explants. All the cells of callus are identical because they are produced by mitosis only.
- Organogenesis: Now the growth hormones, like auxins and cytokinins, in proper proportion are provided to the callus to induce the formation of organs. If auxins are more, roots are formed (rhizogenesis), and if the cytokinins are in greater quantity, then the shoot system begins to develop (caulogenesis).
- Formation of cell or suspension culture: For formation of cell or suspension culture, the callus can be transferred to liquid nutrient medium, and it is agitated. Due to this, the cells from the callus get separated. This cell culture is to be agitated constantly at 100-250 rpm. The agitation serves the purpose of aeration, mixing of medium and prevents the aggregation of cells. By the callus and suspension culture, we can achieve cell biomass production which can be utilized for biochemical isolation, regeneration of new plantlets, the formation of transgenic plants and protoplast culture.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Describe the methodology of tissue culture.
Name the technology that has helped scientists to propagate on a large scale the desired crops in a short duration. List the steps carried out to propagate the crops by the said technique.
With advancements in genetics, molecular biology and tissue culture, new traits have been incorporated into crop plants. Explain the main steps in breeding a new genetic variety of a crop
Give two examples where micropropagation is commercially adopted
In the following questions/statements has four suggested answers. Rewrite the correct answer
Opening and closing of stomata is due to:
(A) Ca2+
(B) Na+
(C) K+
(D) Cl–
Callus is ______.
Method of production of thousand of plant through tissue culture is ______.
“Give me a living cell of any plant and I will give you a thousand plants of the same type” Is this only a slogan or is it scientifically possible? Write your comments and justify them.
What are the physical barriers of a cell in the protoplast fusion experiment? How are the barriers overcome?
The pH of nutrient medium for plant tissue culture is in the range of ______.
