Question

Describe the important features of metallic bonding.

Answer 1

1. Electron Sea Model: In metallic bonding, metal atoms release their outer electrons, which become delocalised and form a “sea of electrons” that surrounds positively charged metal ions (kernels).
2. Strong Electrostatic Attraction: The metal ions are held together by the electrostatic force between the positively charged ions and the free-moving electrons.
3. High Electrical Conductivity: The free electrons can move easily through the metal when an electric field is applied, allowing metals to conduct electricity efficiently.
4. High Thermal Conductivity: Free electrons also carry thermal energy, making metals good conductors of heat.
5. Malleability and Ductility: Because metallic bonding is non-directional, metal atoms can slide over each other without breaking the bond, making metals malleable (can be hammered into sheets) and ductile (can be drawn into wires).
6. Lustre: The delocalised electrons can absorb and re-emit light, giving metals their shiny appearance.
7. Variable Bond Strength: The strength of metallic bonding depends on the number of delocalised electrons and the size of metal ions, which influences the metal’s melting and boiling points.