Question

Describe the different communities involved in the process of succession.

Answer 1

1. Pioneer Community:
   
   1. The species that invade a bare area, are called pioneer species.
   2. In primary succession on rocks these are usually crustose lichens which are able to secrete acids to dissolve rock, helping in weathering of rocks and soil formation.
   3. These pave the way for bryophytes, mosses that are able to take hold in the small amount of soil.
2. Climax Community:
   1. They are, with time, succeeded by herbaceous plants, and after several more stages, ultimately a stable climax forest community is formed.
   2. The climax community remains stable as long as the environment remains unchanged.