Question

Briefly explain why groundwater levels are dropping rapidly in India.

Answer 1

Groundwater levels are dropping rapidly in India primarily due to increased population, irrigation, and industrialisation that have raised water demand significantly. Overexploitation of groundwater, especially for water-intensive crops in low-rainfall areas, has led to a sharp decline in water tables. Additionally, loss of vegetation reduces rainfall and accelerates drought, further lowering groundwater levels. Pollution of water resources also diminishes the quality and usability of groundwater. The majority of freshwater (over 90%) is used for irrigation, making agricultural practices a major contributor to groundwater depletion. These factors combined have led to a critical shortage of groundwater in regions like Delhi, Haryana, Punjab, and others.