Question

Assertion (A): Prior to economic reforms, public investment in social infrastructure by China resulted in better Human Development Indicators (HDI).

Reason (R): China is ahead of India and Pakistan on many Human Development Indicators (HDI).

पर्याय

• Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

• Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

• Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.

• Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Answer 1

Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

Explanation:

• Assertion (A) is true. Compared with many developing countries, China’s high level of public investment in social infrastructure (health, education, etc.) prior to its economic reforms did contribute to a higher HDI.
• Reason (R) is also true. In general, China outperforms Pakistan and India on a number of HDI parameters.

The Assertion (A) is not directly explained by the Reason (R). While Assertion (A) refers to a past cause-and-effect relationship, Reason (R) only asserts a current truth. Pre-reform investments are among the factors contributing to China’s improved HDI, but the statement in Reason (R) does not explicitly explain how these investments relate to the current HDI level.