Question

A new study conducted by researchers of International Institute for Population Sciences and other institutions shows air pollution in India poses a significant threat to human health, leading to a substantial rise in mortality observed for all age groups in districts where PM2.5 levels exceed the acceptable limit under National Ambient Air Quality Standard. – TOI, August 27, 2024

With reference to the above finding, answer the questions given below:

1. What is meant by mortality?
2. List any two effects of pollution on mortality.
3. Suggest any two ways of curbing the effect of pollution on human population.

Answer 1

1. Mortality refers to the number of deaths in a population over a specific period of time. It can be caused by various factors such as diseases, environmental hazards and accidents Mortality is measured per 1,000 people for a fixed time period.
2. 1. Increased Risk of Respiratory Diseases: Air pollution, especially due to harmful particles like PM 2.5, leads to serious respiratory problems. It increases the number of asthma cases, makes chronic bronchitis more common, and causes lung infections. These health issues together contribute to higher mortality rates. 
   2. Cardiovascular Complications: Polluted air harms the cardiovascular system by affecting the heart and blood vessels. This increases the risk of heart disease, strokes, and high blood pressure, particularly among the elderly and vulnerable groups, thereby raising mortality rates.
3. 1. Promotion of Green Energy and Reduced Emissions: Renewable energy sources like solar and wind power reduce reliance on fossil fuels, which helps lower air pollution by cutting down emissions from fuel combustion. In addition, strict emission norms for industries and vehicles should be enforced to further reduce pollution levels. 
   2. Urban Planning and Public Awareness: Expanding green spaces and planting more trees can help absorb air pollutants. Promoting eco-friendly transport options such as electric vehicles and bicycles will further reduce pollution. In addition, public awareness campaigns should be conducted to educate people about sustainable practices to lower pollution levels and protect public health.