Topics
The World since 1991
Key Concepts and Issues since 1991: Globalisation
Key Concepts and Issues since 1991: Humanitarian Issues
Contemporary India: Challenges to Peace, Stability and National Integration
Contemporary India: Good Governance
India and the World
- Objectives of Indian Foreign Policy
- Principles of Indian Foreign Policy
- Concept of Non-Alignment Movement
- Factors Influencing Indian Foreign Policy
- India’s Relations with the World
- Major Powers in the World
- India as Emerging Power
- Neighbourhood of India
- Africa in the Indian World View
- Indian Ocean Region
- Overview of India and the World
Estimated time: 27 minutes
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12
Key Points: Evolution and Meaning
- Globalisation of the Economy.
- Technological Revolution.
- Growth of International Trade & Investment.
- Influence of International Institutions.
- Rise of Non-State Actors.
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12
Key Points: Values of Good Governance
- Participatory
- Rule of law
- Transparency and Responsiveness
- Effectiveness and Efficiency
- Consensus Oriented
- Equity and Inclusiveness
- Accountability
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12
Key Points: Initiatives for Good Governance and Citizen-Centric Administration in India
- India adopted a socialist welfare model focusing on people’s development.
- The Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG) promotes administrative reforms and grievance redressal.
- The government encourages citizen-centric governance to improve public service delivery.
- Innovations in e-governance are introduced to increase transparency and efficiency.
- The Second Administrative Reforms Commission (ARC) was set up to promote accountable, responsive, and citizen-friendly administration.
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12
Key Points: Citizen-Centric Governance
- Governance should be participative, transparent, and accountable to citizens.
- Administration must be effective, efficient, and responsive to public needs.
- The state’s main function is to promote citizens’ welfare.
- Reforms aim to create accountable and transparent government systems and reduce delays.
- Result-oriented and citizen-centric, with public participation in policy and implementation.
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12
Key Points: Reforms in Public Administration
- Enacting laws
- Grievance redressal mechanisms
- Improving accessibility
- Simplifying procedures
- Using technology (e-governance)
- Improving accountability and discipline
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12
Key Points: Lokpal and Lokayukta
- Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 came into force in 2014.
- Lokpal functions at the Union level and Lokayukta at the State level.
- Investigate complaints against public officials and government servants.
- Pinaki Chandra Ghose was appointed as the first Lokpal of India.
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12
Key Points: Citizens’ Charters
- Government exists to serve the citizens.
- Services provided and the standards.
- Accountable for delays or failures.
- The Government of India introduced Citizens’ Charters in 1996.
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12
Key Points: E-Governance
- E-Governance uses Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to improve government functioning.
- Increases efficiency, transparency, and accountability in administration.
- Public services like birth certificates, PAN cards, and passports can now be accessed online.
- The aim is to bring government services closer to citizens.
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12
Key Points: Right to Information (RTI)
- Gives citizens the right to access public information.
- Promotes transparency and accountability.
- RTI strengthens participatory democracy.
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12
Key Points: Citizen Participation
- Healthy and responsive democracy.
- Follows a bottom-up approach.
- Citizens have a right to influence decisions.
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12
Key Points: Six pillers of e-governance
- Pillar 1: Establishment of Policy/ Legal Frameworks
- Pillar 2: Develop Strong Capacity Building Framework
- Pillar 3: Facilitate abundant Funding
- Pillar 4: Institutional Framework
- Pillar 5: Build Core e-Governance Common Infrastructure
- Pillar 6: Develop Common Statewide Projects
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12
Key Points: Special Institutional Mechanisms
- National Commission for Scheduled Castes
- National Commission for Scheduled Tribes
- National Human Rights Commission
- National Commission for Women
- National Commission for the Protection of Child Rights
- National Commission for Backward Classes
- National Commission for Minorities
- National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission
