- British rule was repressive and served British interests.
- Lytton’s policies suppressed Indian rights and favoured Europeans.
- Acts like Vernacular Press Act and Arms Act curbed freedoms.
- Ilbert Bill episode exposed racial discrimination.
- These policies accelerated the growth of nationalism.
Key Points
Key Points: Growth of Nationalism in India
- National awakening began in the second half of the 19th century.
- Influenced by ideas of nationalism and self-determination from the French Revolution.
- Supported by socio-religious reform movements in India.
- Result of modernisation introduced by the British.
- Reaction against British colonial policies.
- Growth of political awareness led to political associations.
- Culminated in the formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885.
Key Points: Factors Leading to the Growth of Nationalism
- Nationalism means unity and common identity.
- India earlier had many kingdoms.
- Modern nationalism developed under British rule.
- It was a reaction to foreign rule.
- Early revolts inspired national feeling.
- National consciousness grew in the late 19th century.
Key Points: Economic Exploitation
- British rule exploited India’s economy for Britain’s benefit.
- Heavy taxes ruined peasants and pushed them into debt.
- Indian handicrafts declined as British goods dominated the market.
- Workers and educated Indians faced exploitation and unemployment.
- Economic suffering united Indians and promoted nationalism.
Key Points: Repressive Colonial Policies
Key Points: Socio-Religious Reform Movements
- Reform movements aimed to remove social and religious evils.
- They promoted equality, rational thinking, and women’s upliftment.
- Leaders like Raja Rammohan Roy and Jyotiba Phule led these efforts.
- These movements helped awaken nationalism in India.
Key Points: Effects of Socio-Religious Reform Movements on the Growth of Nationalism
- Reformers revived pride in Indian culture and civilisation.
- They opposed caste system and untouchability, promoting equality and unity.
- Women were encouraged to participate in social and national life.
- Reformers opposed British rule and spread ideas like Swaraj.
- A vision of a united, equal Indian society strengthened nationalism.
Key Points: Role of the Press
- Newspapers spread ideas of patriotism, liberty, and freedom.
- Press exposed injustices and true nature of British rule.
- It connected people across regions and social groups.
- Indians became aware of national and international events.
Key Points: Precursors of the Indian National Congress
- Indians realised British rule prevented national sovereignty.
- Educated Indians formed political associations across India.
- These bodies worked for common national interests.
- They raised political awareness and unity.
- They led to the formation of the Indian National Congress.
Key Points: Formation of the Indian National Congress
- Need for an all-India political organisation was felt.
- A.O. Hume helped Indian leaders form it.
- First session held in Mumbai in December 1885.
- It was named the Indian National Congress.
- It became the main platform of the freedom movement.
Key Points: Aims of the Indian National Congress
- To promote unity among nationalist leaders from different regions.
- To develop national unity beyond caste, religion, and province.
- To place people’s demands before the British government.
- To educate, train, and organise public opinion.
Key Points: Sessions of the Congress
- First session (1885) was held in Mumbai under W.C. Bonnerjee with 72 delegates.
- Congress met annually in different parts of India, growing in strength and influence.
- Surat Session (1907) led to a split between Early and Assertive Nationalists.
- The split was resolved at the Lucknow Session (1916).
- Important sessions later declared key milestones like Poorna Swaraj (1929) and major leadership roles.
Important Questions [29]
- What Was the Role of the Press in Promoting Nationalistic Sentiments Amongst the Indians?
- Mention Any Two Economic Factors Responsible for the Growth of Nationalism in India.
- Mention Any Two Repressive Colonial Policies of Lord Lytton.
- Who Exposed the Economic Exploitation of India Through His Book ‘Poverty and Un-british Rule in India’?
- What Was the Influence of Western Education on the Minds of Educated Indians in the 19th Century?
- With Reference to the Rise of ‘National Consciousness’ in India, Explain the Following: the Influence of the Western Education
- With Reference to the Rise of ‘National Consciousness’ in India, Explain the Following: Any Three Contribution of Raja Ram Mohan Roy
- With Reference to the Rise of ‘National Consciousness’ in India, Explain the Following: the Development of Modern Means of Transport and Communication
- The Second Half of the 19th Century Witnessed the Growth of a Strong Feeling of Nationalism.State Any Three Ways in Which the Press Played an Important Role in Developing Nationalism Amongst Indians.
- The Second Half of the 19th Century Witnessed the Growth of a Strong Feeling of Nationalism. with Reference to the Statement, : Write Any Three Repressive Colonial Policies of the British.
- Name of the organisation founded by Jyotiba Phule.
- Who organised the Grand Delhi Durbar?
- The ______ aimed to introduce equality between British and Indian Judges.
- Name the organisation founded by Raja Rammohan Roy. Why did he establish this organisation?
- Tahir is preparing to give a speech about the Sati system in India. Which of the following Indian leader's contributions MUST he mention in his speech?
- The Establishment of the Indian National Congress Led to the Development of the National Movement in India. in this Context Answer the Following: What Were the Four Aims of the Congress?
- The Establishment of the Indian National Congress Led to the Development of the National Movement in India. in this Context Answer the Following: When Was the Indian National Congress Established? Who Presided Over Its First Session?
- With Reference to the Growth of National Consciousness in India, Explain Each of the Following: Two Contributions of Dadabhai Naoroji
- Name the Two Books that Dadabhai Naoroji Authored Explaining the ‘Drain of India’S Wealth’.
- Mention any two causes for the rise of Assertive Nationalism.
- Mention Two Administrative Changes that the British Government Brought About Regarding the East India Company’S Rule in India.
- The Establishment of the Indian National Congress Led to the Development of the National Movement in India. in this Context Answer the Following: Mention Four Basic Beliefs of the Early Nationalists.
- Given below are the objectives of the Indian National Army. Identify the odd one out of the following:
- Name the two Presidents under whom the first two sessions of the Indian National Congress were held.
- Mention Any Two Contributions of the Ina to the National Movement.
- The Early Congressmen Were Liberal in Their Views and Programmes. this Led to the Rise of Radical Nationalists Who Demanded More Forceful Action Against the British. in this Context, Discuss the Following: Reasons Why the Early Congressmen Were Called ‘Moderates’
- The Early Congressmen Were Liberal in Their Views and Programmes. this Led to the Rise of Radical Nationalists Who Demanded More Forceful Action Against the British. in this Context, Discuss the Following: How Did the Moderates Differ from the Assertive Nationalists in Realising Their Objectives?
- Name the Two Main Associations that Were the Precursors of the Indian National Congress.
- With reference to the growth of National consciousness in India, explain each of the following: The immediate objectives of the Indian National Congress.
Concepts [11]
- Growth of Nationalism in India
- Factors Leading to the Growth of Nationalism
- Economic Exploitation
- Repressive Colonial Policies
- Socio-Religious Reform Movements
- Effects of Socio-Religious Reform Movements on the Growth of Nationalism
- Role of the Press
- Precursors of the Indian National Congress
- Formation of the Indian National Congress
- Aims of the Indian National Congress
- Sessions of the Congress
