- Combustion fully oxidises carbon compounds, breaking all chemical bonds and producing CO₂ and H₂O.
- Oxidising agents like potassium permanganate or potassium dichromate can convert alcohols to carboxylic acids.
- Air inlets in stoves ensure complete combustion; black soot indicates incomplete combustion and fuel wastage due to blocked air inlets.
Definitions [8]
Define catalytic hydrogenation.
catalytic hydrogenation is a process by which hydrogen gas is passed through vegetable oils in the presence of catalyst like Ni, Pt or Pd to convert them into solid vanaspati ghee.
Define redox reaction.
Redox reactions are those in which reduction and oxidation both takes place simultaneously i.e. one substance is reduced while the other gets oxidised.
Define oxidation number.
The oxidation number of an element is defined as the formal charge that an atom of that element appears to have when electrons are counted.
Define an oxidation reaction.
The chemical reaction in which reactants gain oxygen to form the corresponding oxide. Also, A chemical reaction in which reactants lose hydrogen to form a product is called oxidation.
Example: \[\ce{H2S + Cl -> 2HCl + S}\]
Define corrosion.
When the surface of a metal is attacked by air, moisture or any other substance around it, the metal is said to corrode and the phenomenon is known as corrosion.
Corrosion is an electrochemical process in which a metal is oxidised to a metal oxide or another salt of the metal by losing electrons to oxygen or another electronegative element, forming a coating on the metal surface.
Define reduction.
Those reactions in which hydrogen combines with a substance or oxygen is removed from a substance, are known as reduction reactions.
Example: \[\ce{2HgO->[heat]2Hg +O2}\]
Definition: Oxidation Reaction
The chemical reaction in which a reactant combines with oxygen or loses hydrogen to form the product is called oxidation reaction.
Definition: Oxidants or Oxidising Agents
Chemical substances which bring about an oxidation reaction by making oxygen available are called oxidants or oxidizing agents.
OR
Substances that can give oxygen to other substances are called oxidants or oxidizing agents.
Key Points
Key Points: Oxidation
Concepts [12]
- Position of Hydrogen in Periodic Table
- Similarities Between Hydrogen and Alkali Metals
- Similarities Between Hydrogen and Halogens
- Hydrogen
- Preparation of Hydrogen
- Application of Activity Series in the Preparation of Hydrogen
- Recognition and Identification of Gases
- Manufacture of Hydrogen
- Physical Properties of Hydrogen
- Chemical Properties of Hydrogen
- Uses of Hydrogen
- Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds > Oxidation
