Question

Which are the chief means of transportation in India? Discuss the factors affecting their development.

Answer 1

The important means of transport in India are - Land, air, and water. Each mode of transportation contributes to the development of the economy. Each provides strong support for setting up industries and link even the remotest areas. All the means of transport compete and complement each other.

• Land transport comprises road, rail, and pipeline. The use of railways for carrying heavy and bulky goods along with a large number of passengers over long distances has led to the development of a dense network of railways. Within the country, the network is relatively less dense in the hilly, forested, and desert areas. Roads play an important role in linking the interior areas with the markets and urban centers. Their importance in facilitating door-to-door services over short distances has led to the development of a well-knit network of roadways.
• Water transport is an ideal means for engaging in international trade through the long and indented coastline of India. Inland waterway also links the different regions within the country efficiently. It is the cheapest means for bulky cargo.
• Air transport has become a very important means of rapid and frequent movement of people and light cargo over long distances. The role of private airlines has made air transport trickle down to wider sections of the economy. Budgets Airlines have changed the aviation scenario in India. Air transport is important in inaccessible areas, during calamities, and for rapid connectivity.